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The automatic control system is nowadays one of the most desired demands. And that’s why industries are making the automated machine more than the manuals. Computer Numerical Control machines or CNC machines are one of the top class computerized machines in the business market. CNC machines can be various in types. Among those types, CNC routers have a wide range of applications. And thus, we brought you this great guideline to choose the best mini CNC router in the market. In this article, we will start with the definition, and then we will make a list of the Top Best mini CNC router in 2021 in the Amazon market.

Things that we considered choosing the best mini CNC router

You may want to know how did we consider picking the best mini CNC router in 2021. If I am right, then read this section carefully. After our complete research on many of the cnc routers, we came to an end considering the following things.

Specifications: We took the top 10 best mini CNC router with the same specs—all of the routers here 3018 PRO versions of the respective companies. Please continue reading the article, and we have explained the specifications right after this section.

Feature: This is one of the most vital points we considered here, ranking the product. Some of the companies give more features than others; if the features get higher, price increases.

Customer Review: This is the most critical factor to consider here. All the companies will advertise their product in their way, but in reality, few are different. In the customer review section, you will get a real idea about the quality of the product. We considered this section strongly.

Price: Sometimes, we look for the best budget option. Because sometimes, you may not need the best product. So, we also listed the best-budgeted option for you. Just continue reading, you will get everything whatever you need.

Mini CNC 3018 PRO router machine

We already mentioned above that the CNC router has a different category based on their sizes and uses. And also, we are going to demonstrate the Top best Desktop mini CNC routers in Amazon. This small CNC router can also be called a CNC 3018 PRO router. This 3018 means the working area of the cutting tool is 30 cm long and 18 cm wide. All of the mini CNC router or 3018 PRO series has this active working area.

Specification

Here in today’s ranking, we are going to pick the top best mini CNC router In today’s ranking, we are going to pick the top best mini CNC router in 2021. We took nine best CNC machine producing companies from Amazon. These 3018 desktop mini CNC routers have similar specifications. So, we are going to elaborate on the specs first. After that, we will demonstrate the top best mini CNC router in 2021.

Active Engraving Area

The 3018 small CNC machine has an active area of 300 mm long, 180 mm wide, and 45 mm high. In inches, the active engraving area is about 11.8 x 7.1 x 1.8 inches. Therefore, it means that between this area you can design anything you wish to do.

Frame Size

The overall frame size of this 3018 mini CNC router is approximately 400 x 330 x 240 mm or 15.7 x 13.0 x 9.4 inches. This frame size may vary in the products we are going to rank today. This size is the overall machine dimension, and the active engraving area is the area in between the cutting tool can engrave.

Frame Material

Frame material also varies brand to brand here. In this case, some of the routers have the steel frame. Some of the routers also have aluminum. And some of them have a mixture of Phenol Formaldehyde resin and aluminum.

Z-Axis Component Material

The axis in which the spindle motor moves is the Z-axis. The other two axis moves on the mechanism of a ball screw and stepper motor. But in this case, the axis component material is Nylon, and it looks like a rail.  

Spindle

The spindle of the mini CNC router uses 775 motors. This motor has a standard size of 66.7 mm of height and 42.0 mm of the outer diameter. And, the 775 stands for the standard size of the spindle motor. However, It requires 24 V of the power supply. Its rotating speed is approximate 10,000 RPM.

Rated power

The overall mini CNC router requires 60W of the power supply. The Maximum power it needs is 120W.  

Step Motor

There are three stepper motors on the mini CNC router. All of the motors require 1.3 A of the current supply, 12 V of the power supply. It’s net torque is 0.25 Nm /  2.2 in-lb.  

Drill Bits

The routing tool required to cut the materials is the drill bits. Usually, the companies provide a bunch of drill sets for different uses and purposes. Typically, the drill bits have a tip of 0.1 mm, 20 degrees of the angle, and 3.175 mm of the diameter.

Software

The software required for the machine controlling is GRBL control(Candle). Remember to install the driver first. The installation and tutorials are available in every company. 

Supported OS

The software GRBL control supports in the Operating system Windows XP, Windows 7, Windows 8, Windows 10, MAC OS.  

Power Supply

The overall power supply required for the machine is 24V and 5A of the current flow.

Offline Control

All of the 3018 mini CNC routers come with an offline controller. There is manual control of setting the X, Y, Z-Axis. It doesn’t require a computer to set the axis.

Top Best mini CNC router in 2021

We have already seen the specs of the 3018 mini CNC router machine because all of the routers here got the same specs. Before we get into the detail of our ranking, let’s have a glance at the summary table of the small CNC milling/ laser routers. Staring from Genmitsu to Beauty star, we listed the fundamental differences between them. These all are the best CNC router for a small shop. The first one is our best pick. We will explain their position after this summary table.

Best Pick: Genmitsu CNC Router 3018-PRO

Our best small shop CNC router is from Genmitsu. This excellent machine got the highest support from the Amazon buyers. Every day people are buying this one. Besides, the customers strongly suggested this mini router machine as the best among all. Comparing the features, specifications, and price, this model has a remarkable position in the market.

However, Genmitsu 3018-Pro is a three-axis engraving machine. I can engrave acrylic, wood, plastics, etc. It is also suitable for metals such as aluminum. It has the milling feature only. The actual engraving depth is 1.8 inches. Therefore, it can be used in cutting, engraving, and routing.

Moreover, it doesn’t require any batteries. It comes with a sturdy packaged box. And thus, As long as you open the box, your device is safe. Genmitsu 3018- PRO mini CNC router comes with a packaging size of 17.4 x 9.7 x 7 inches. The company will provide you with the necessary manuals and procedures to install the software.

mcwdoit Upgrade Version CNC 3018 Pro

The next best pick goes to the small CNC router machine from mcwdoit. This model got excellent customer support from Amazon buyers. Though it is cheaper than Genmitsu, yet it couldn’t reach that much recommendation as Genmitsu got. After all, considering all other specifications and features, mcwdoit deserves to be in the next place of Genmitsu.

This mini CNC router is the upgraded version. It can cut soft metals like copper and aluminum, wood, acrylic, PCB, CCL, and other materials. It is suitable for hard metal carving. The company will provide 20 pieces of 3.175 mm CNC router bits, four sets of CNC plates and 12 parts of ER11 collet set. 

Moreover, This mini CNC router comes package includes all mechanical Moreover, This small CNC router comes package includes all mini CNC router kit and install instruments. The package also consists of the CD DVD software, stepper motos, frame, power supply, and so on. The package size is 17.4 x 9.5 x 6.8 inches. It is easy to assemble, cheap, accurate, and easy to use.

MYSWEETY Upgrade Version CNC 3018 Pro

Another remarkable mini CNC router engraver came in the market is from MYSWEETY. It got no less feature than mcwdoit. Mcwdoit and Mysweety, both of them, have similar popularity. But if we look through the Product features, we will find the differences.

This mini CNC router comes with ten drill bits,  four clamps, one-piece full set engraving machine, one pc offline controller, one-piece extension rod with ER11. Moreover, The profile dimension is about 330 x 400 x 240 mm. The offline controller can have a 1G capacity. The upgrade version consists of an update board, offline controller, 775 spindle motors, and aluminum frame.

The manufacturing company will provide you with the necessary installation parts with the delivery. In this case, the package size is 17.4 x 9.5 x 6.8 inches. This company offers you laser routing features if you are interested. The overall package would not include the laser routing tool if you didn’t choose it. After all, it is accurate, easy to assemble, and cheap.

Cenoz Upgrade CNC 3018 Pro

Our next best pick is this mini desktop CNC router. Based on the specifications and price, Cenoz small CNC routers have a remarkable place in the market too. Depending on the customer recommendation, we put this router in the fourth place of our ranking. Besides, they have differences in their features and complexity.

Cenoz CNC 3018 PRO mini router can cut any materials except a few hard materials. It has the upgraded control board, most latest GRBL three-axis control, provided with more power. The company will also offer integrated driver chip, fixed heat sink, external fan, etc. They also offer necessary bits and clamps.

However, The packaging size comes with a dimension of 17.64 x 9.45 x 6.69 inches. Comparing to other mini CNC router, this model is not easy to use. But it is sturdy, accurate, and easy to assemble. The manufacturing companies assure that it will take 20 minutes to finish the assembly process. But if we consider routing for beginners, then this CNC routing won’t be the best choice.

SainSmart Genmitsu CNC Router Machine 3018-PROVer

Sainsmart is a part of the Genmitsu group. Here, our next best pick goes to this sain smart miniature CNC router or 3018-PRO CNC router. This model is more professional and unique than other models. It is heavy and stable. Because your machine the more heavy is, the more it remains fixed. In some cases, while routing the surface materials, the device vibrates. This vibration is the cause of the accuracy problem.

SainSmart mini CNC router is the latest version of the 3018 Desktop CNC DIY kit series. Like the Cenoz company, this company also assures the easy assemble feature. On the other hand, This desktop CNC router has the fingertip controlling feature. There is 1.8 inches display and provide manual controls.

It comes with a packaging size of 18.2 x 16.2 x 11 inches. Additionally, It is an aluminum built structure that ensures higher stress. It is accurate and suitable for beginners. All the features that come with this model are excellent except the price. Comparing to the other models, this one is quite expensive.

MYSWEETY DIY CNC 3018-PRO

Another model from Mysweety is this our next pick. This model has two tools for the routing process, milling, and laser tool. And then, this model can perform both cuttings and carvings. But the laser is only for the engraving. Because this laser is not that powerful to cut objects, for cutting purposes, we can use the drill bits.

The laser tool has 450 nm of wavelength laser light. It needs 5.5W of the power supply and 3A of current flow. Also, the working temperature is 10 degrees to 40 degrees. On the other hand, This company will provide ten pieces of drills bits with 0.1 mm of the tip, 20 degrees, and 3.175mm of the diameter. Four pieces of clamps come with the package that holds the thickness up to 0-30mm.

The overall package size is 17.5 x 9.5 x 7 inches. This small CNC machine is easy to use and assemble. If you are looking for both laser and milling router, then this model will be the best decision of yours. 

Yofully Upgraded CNC 3018 Pro

The next pick is from Yofully. This mini CNC router has similar specs to the first four mini CNC routers. But in a few of their features have differences. As Usual, this model can cut any materials such as soft metals like copper and aluminum, wood, acrylic,  Plastics, etc. The Yofully new version comes with an upgraded version of 3018. The updated version consists of a new control board, heat sink and external fan, sturdy shell, etc.

The company promises a straightforward installation feature. It may take 20 minutes to assemble the whole machine. However, the overall frame size is 400 x 330 x 240 mm / 15.7 x 13.0 x 9.4 inches.

The packaging size is 17.72 x 9.84 x 7.09 inches. This mini CNC router will come with the necessary installation pieces of equipment and also with the extra bits and clamps.

Titoe 2 in 1 5500mW Engraver CNC 3018 Pro Engraving Machine

Another combo pack we picked from TItoe. This model is similar to the MYSWEETY DIY CNC 3018-PRO. Hence, the company will provide the combo pack both for small CNC milling machines and small CNC laser routing. This model is the upgraded version of Titoe 3018. The updated version comes with the integrated driver chip, external fan, fixed heat sink, sturdy casing, etc.

The 5.5 W laser can engrave 0.1 mm, is suitable for any marking or simple drawings.  The packaging size that comes with this model is 17.64 x 9.76 x 7.4 inches. This model is also easy to use and assemble, promises high-quality cutting. But comparing to the price, this one is a little expensive than the others.

Best Budgeted option: VEVOR CNC 3018-PRO

This mini CNC router from Vevor got an excellent feature similar to other milling routers. If we consider customer reviews and suggestions, this desktop mini router falls behind the top models. Additionally, this model is also a premium quality than Vevor 3018, and the price is surprisingly meager.

The packaging size of this mini router is 17.7 x 10.2 x 7.1 inches. Comparing to the above mini routers, this one weighs lower than the above routers. The company will provide the necessary installation tools for this mini CNC router. If you consider money, this mini router will be the best decision.

Beauty Star Upgrade Version CNC 3018 Pro

Our last pick is from Beauty Star. It is also an upgraded version of Beauty Star 3018. In this case, this model updated the manual control feature. This company also promises a smooth assembly process. The specifications didn’t come with any change, but there is a little difference in the functionality.   

However, this model comes with a package size of 17.56 x 9.29 x 6.61 inches. The company will provide the mini CNC router kit such as one-piece full set engraving machine, one-piece offline installer, four pieces clamp, one-piece extension rod with ER11 collet, thirteen pieces ER11 collet set, one-piece googles, twenty pieces of engraving bits.

Precaution

Precautions are a few steps to perform to reduce any risk of injury. We must follow the precautions steps both for the machine and the operators. Let’s check each of the precautions below.

1. Read and thoroughly understand the user manual. Primarily focus on the warning posted in the manual section. Do not attempt to operate before you didn’t read the manual.
2. The experienced operator should be present while operating the routing machine. If you are willing to learn it, we suggest going through the instructions.
3. If it is a laser operation in the mini CNC router, you should wear safety glasses.
4. Wear the dust mask because the dust may cause cancer in your lung.
5. Keep your visitors to a safe distance from the machine.
6. Check the marking area before you go routing te surface.
7. Do not keep any object on the routing device while it has power.
8. Check out each of the wirings, inputs, and outputs before the operation.
9. Make sure you correctly tightened the object in the working area.

Maintenance

To make our routing machine long-lasting, we must follow the maintenance rule. Usually, the manual book has maintenance rules. If you didn’t have, then let’s check out the rules below.

1. Ensure your mini CNC router is clean and uptight.
2. If you have used you for a long time, try changing the filters.
3. The air supply is an essential part of the cooling system. Make sure it’s clean.
4. Do not perform maintenance while the machine is on.
5. Check the lubricants if it requires change. Follow the instruction from the company and use the proper oil for the machine.

Summary

We are finally at the end of our ranking. From this article, we got the top best small shop CNC router in 2021.  Though the specifications are the same but yet they have few differences in the features and customer reviews. To get this ranking, we focused on;

1. The Specification
2. The customer review
3. Features and Price
4. Accessibility
5. Stability and durability.

After the ranking of the best small CNC router in 2021, we got the best model with the features and customer review that is Genmitsu CNC Router 3018-PRO. And if we are looking for less budget, then we strongly recommend choosing VEVOR CNC 3018-PRO.

Best Pick: Genmitsu CNC Router 3018-PRO

Best Budgeted option: VEVOR CNC 3018-PRO

We hope we could make your research for Best mini CNC router in 2021 easier now. Just follow our instructions and get your top best mini CNC router in 2021. Stay connected to woocnc.com, and we will always be here with the best suggestion and guides.

CNC plasma cutting machine is also known as CNC Plasma cutter. Just as the CNC wood router and CNC laser cutting machine, the CNC Plasma cutter are also widely used for industrial cutting process. Before that, we must know what exactly does this plasma means. So, let’s dig in.

What is Plasma?

Plasma is the fourth state of the matter besides solid-state, liquid-state, and the gas-state. By heating water, we can change its state to gas. If we further burn gas, it will turn into the ionized form. Finally, we call it a plasma.

What is a CNC Plasma cutting machine?

CNC plasma cutter is an automated cutting machine.  CNC means computer Numeric Control. Any name along with CNC is an example of the automation technology. However, after the 19^th century, we got the advancement of the various CNC machines.

Consequently, A CNC Plasma cutter is an automated plasma cutter machine which has a plasma cutting tool can cut the electrically conductive metals. So, we can find that the main difference between the CNC cutting machines is in their cutting tool.

The structure of Plasma cutting machine

The basic structure of the plasma cutter has three main components. They are,

1. Power supply: A plasma power supply converts the AC power supply to the smooth DC power supply. Usually, the range of the DC power supply is between 200 VDC to 400 VDC. This DC power supply maintains the whole process from the plasma arc throughout the cut. Based on the material types and thickness, it also regulates the current output required.
2. Arc Starting Console: The ASC or Arc Starting console has the critical task to do here. This ASC produces the Alternating current 5000 VAC. It provides the spark inside the plasma torch. And then, it creates the plasma arc.
3. Plasma torch: This part is the foundation of the overall cutting process. It maintains the alignment of the cutting process. It also provides the cooling system. The main components required for the arc generation is the electrode, swirl ring, and the nozzle. We can add a new cap to get a better cutting quality.

Plasma Cutting Principle

First, we need a gas particle to start the process. The gas can be many types such as oxygen, nitrogen, argon, or even shop air. But often, most of the plasma torch in the workshop uses the shop air. There’s a pressurizing device that forces this gas to get inside the plasma torch.

And then, this high pressured gas flow meets an electrical arc generated. It turns into the 40,000˚ F. We can call it as a plasma jet. Subsequently, we will find the negative cathode that makes the plasma jet into the negative plasma.

At this time, we know the object we are dealing with is the electrically conductive material. Therefore, this negative plasma jet can quickly melt down positive metal. Finally, we have performed a cutting.

We should note that a plasma cutting can only perform for the electrically conductive materials. We will describe more about it in the elements for the plasma cutting section.  

CNC Plasma cutting principle

Similar to the other CNC machine, CNC plasma machine also performs the same working principles. First,  the operator must save the design of the cutting on his/her computer. Using CAD software, we can keep the configuration in CAD format. And then, We can use the required CNC software to convert our design into the machine processing language.

However, through the particular cable, the instructions passed to the machine. Now, its time to work on the object. The working table has three primary moving rail system. On the three of the climbing rail, there are three stepper motors.

The design we gave in the machine has converted the CAD design into the pulse function of the stepper motor. The pulse function is the time of the motor rotation. Therefore, depending on the number of the pulse, the stepper motors push the cutting tool on the desired cutting line.

Finally, the plasma torch throws the negative plasma jet on the electrically conductive materials. It quickly melts down. 

Targeted materials for plasma cutting process

As we have mentioned above, a plasma torch can cut only the electrically conductive materials. The materials are such as steel, stainless steel, aluminium, copper, brass, and some other conductive materials. We should note that we can not cut plastic, wood, or other non-metallic electrically non-conductive materials using the plasma torch. 

Applications of CNC Plasma Cutting machine

CNC laser cutting Vs. CNC plasma cutting. Which one is better? Both of them cut metals, then why the application of them is different?  These are the common question we get from our customers. Well, there’s a difference between them.

1. CNC laser cutter can cut the operation, which needs a lower tolerance range. On the other hand, the CNC plasma cutter cuts the bevel cutting.
2. The more complex design needs a CNC laser cutter. But the CNC plasma cutter performs the simple cutting operation.

These two are the fundamental difference between their working principles. Let’s have a glance at the application of the CNC plasma cutter.

• In the robot welding work station, the CNC plasma cutter performs different operations. 
• In Marine welding and cutting, the uses of CNC plasma machine is more than the other fields.
• CNC plasma machine also works at the auxiliary welding machine
•  In the steel structure pipeline manufacturing, CNC plasma cutter has a remarkable position. 

Types of CNC Plasma Cutter

There is some renowned brand for plasma cutting in the recent market. For example, Hypertherm plasma cutter, Lincoln plasma cutter, Thermal dynamics plasma cutter, Esab plasma cutter.  Based on the position of the anode and the cathode, the CNC plasma cutter has two classes in common. They are,

• Traditional Plasma cutter: This type of plasma cutter throws a negative plasma. It has the cathode electrode in the middle of the torch and the surrounding as the negative.   
• Inverter Plasma cutter: This type of plasma cutter is just opposite of the traditional plasma cutter. It has a positive electrode in the middle of the plasma torch. The surrounding body works as a negative electrode.  

Based on the plasma jet

Based on the number of gases used in the plasma jet, we can further classify them into five types.

• Conventional Plasma Cutter: This type of plasma cutting usually uses a single gas generally air or nitrogen. A traditional plasma of CNC cutter is suitable for 5/8″ thick of the materials. So, The cutting is usually ideal for handheld operation. Most of the plasma torch has a rated current of 100 Amps.  
• Dual Gas Plasma Cutter: This type of Plasma cutter generally uses two gases. One of the gas is for the plasma jet and the other one for the shield. The shield gas is necessary to cover the cutting area. It provides the best possible cutting.
• Water Shield Plasma Cutter: This process is quite similar to the dual gas plasma cutting. But instead of the second gas, this type uses the water to shield the cutting area. It produces improved nozzle workpiece cooling. It also provides better cutting.
• Water Injection Plasma Cutter:  This type of plasma cutter uses a single gas for the plasma jet. It utilizes water directly injected into the arc. The amps required for this process is usually from 260 amps to 750 amps. This process is for high-quality cutting of several materials. The cutting thickness can be more than conventional CNC plasma cutting.
• Precision Plasma Cutter: This type of  Plasma cutter performs superior cutting quality on thinner sheet metals. The size less than 1/2″ of thick. This process usually is slower than the other methods.

plasma cutting machine types Based on the dimensional cutting

Based on the dimensional cutting, the plasma cutter further has two types. They are,

• Two axis CNC plasma cutters can cut in two directions. Though there are three stepper motors for moving in 3D. But while cutting, the plasma torch can cut only X and Y-axis. And this is a two-dimensional plasma cutter.
• Three axis CNC plasma cutters can make 3D sculpture. Technically, the plasma torch can rotate and move based on the requirements. And thus, this type is a 3D CNC plasma cutter. For example, 3D Automatic CNC Pipe Tube Plasma Flame Cutter Beveler is from Shandong Kasrey Intelligent Equipment, etc.

The Basic Structure of the CNC Plasma Cutter

The following are the essential parts that we must discuss.

1. CNC operator: There is a leading operating machine that commands the primary mechanical mechanism is the CNC operator. We can input the program manually on this device. Or we can convert our CAD design into the CNC language and transfer that to this device.
2. Plasma Table: The working table on which the plasma torch performs its activities is a plasma table.
3. Guide rail: There are 3 x 2 guide rails on the plasma table. The different axes move on this guide rail.  The position of the tracks depends on the structure of the CNC plasma cutter.
4. Motors: There are three stepper motors are available. Based on the size of the working table, motor power depends. The heavier the weight is, the more powerful the stepper motor is.
5. Working stage:  We know that the plasma is super hot ionized. So after cutting, it must cool down. So, to shield this thing, the CNC plasma cutter uses water or other gases to cool it down. Therefore, there is an evacuating system on the working stage. Several screws help to tighten the object.
6. Sensors: There are multiple sensors situated on the working bench. It helps to locate the plasma torch.  

How to choose a CNC Plasma Cutter?

As we have said above, that the CNC laser cutting and CNC plasma cutting has a similar cutting principle. But there are only two differences between them. So, Before we go for choosing a CNC plasma cutter, we must know on which purpose we need a cutting machine.

While you decided that you must need a CNC plasma cutter, then we recommend considering the following essential points.

• Duty Cycle is the period that calculates the number of cutting the plasma cutter can perform in every ten minutes before it needs to cool down.
• Output power is the ability to cut the object. For example, a 12 amps output power of 120V machine can penetrate 1/8″. On the other hand, 60 amps output power of 230 V can penetrate 7/8″ of the sheet metal.
• We must have to choose conductive materials to cut. Plasma cutting is not suitable for non-metals.  
• The speed of plasma cutting is vital to consider. The general rates of the plasma cutting are inch per minute (IPM).
• Plasma torch: We have seen there are five kinds of the plasma torch. Therefore, depending on our demands, we must choose the right plasma torch for cutting.

Advantages

1. It cuts with wide cutting areas almost all conductive sheet metals.
2. It has a fast cutting speed and higher efficiency.
3. Cutting accuracy is higher than flame cutting. The cutting underwater is not deformed.

Disadvantages

1. It can not cut non-metals.
2. The cutting thickness is shallow, the higher the depth is, the higher power it needs.
3. Plasma cutting is bevel shaped. 

Precaution

1. We should allow any unauthorized personnel inside the lab.
2. There should be a distance between the observation and the cutting area.
3. We must ensure the fire extinguisher before the operation.
4. While handling the gases and fumes, we must be careful.
5. We must ensure our safety.

Maintenance

1. After working, we must clean up everything.
2. We must ensure that our machine is powered off.
3. After cleaning up, we should put back every tools and equipment we took before the operation.

Summary

After all, we hope we have covered all of the possible pieces of knowledge that we must learn. In this short article, we have tried to demonstrate the introduction to a CNC plasma cutter. However, if you are a beginner in this field, we strongly recommend mastering the precaution and safety manual first.

However, we hope we could make an easy learning way for you. If you are interested in other CNC machine technology, we have demonstrated a summary of them in the link attached to the CNC machine technology. 

After the 19^th century, technological advancement has begun. Laser beam technology is one of them. “ CNC Laser cutter ” is our main focus in this article. We will discuss each of the working principles. In the later part of the article, we will explain the parts and mechanism of the laser cutting.

We all are familiar with the Laser. It is a device that emits light. It amplifies the view through the simulation of electromagnetic radiation. We can create the Laser from electrical discharges or lamps within a closed container. We can also use crystals to generate laser beams because their intensity is higher than the lasers from the electrical discharge. Hence, different types of laser cutters come. Moreover, a laser beam cutting is a technology that cuts metals into a various slice.

What is a CNC Laser Cutter?

Computer numeric control or CNC is a process of machining by Computer. Usually, we can perform many machine operations using computerized technology—for example, lathe cutting, milling, drilling, 3D cutting, shaping, etc.

How does a laser cutter work?

We can define a CNC laser cutter as it is a process of laser cutting service using computerized technology. Just like the other CNC cutting machine. CNC laser engraver also cuts metals, woods, acrylic, paper, and so on. But the only difference is in their cutting tool.

We all know that a laser is a device where a laser beam creates through electromagnetic radiation. Let’s see a summary of the working principle of a laser. First, the radiated beam directly falls on the amplification tool.  We can use a mirror to reflect our beam if our laser device situated in some other locations.

And then there is a container into the beam will pass through. In that container, we will use some laser gasses. Finally, the laser beam, along with the gas, falls on the metal surface. The place quickly melts down after getting a laser beam onto it. Other than CO₂ gas, we can use other gasses like nitrogen, helium, xenon, and hydrogen, etc.

Working Principle of a CNC Laser cutter  

CNC laser cutter has no difference with the other CNC cutting machine. Their working principle is almost the same as each other.

CNC laser cutting machine has a laser cutting tool. On the other CNC machine have a different cutting tool like plasma cutter or the router or others. But, all of them have a computer to operate the machining system. It is known as CNC or Computer Numeric Control. Let’s focus on the CNC laser engraver machine.

First, the Computer saves the command of the places we need to cut. After that, it converts the commands into the CNC machine language. The device now knows where to cut. It commands the motors to run precisely at the fixed frequency. The ball screw helps to transfer the rotational motion into the linear motion. 

And then, the laser cutting tool comes to the exact position, and it starts cutting. Following the command from the Computer, it cuts accordingly on the correct places we need to cut.

CNC Laser engraving materials

About 90% of the factories in the world use this laser cutting machine. How? Most of the products have a date, and the company code printed on the product. Most of the plastic and metal industries use a laser engraver to print the date and codes. Besides, the laser cutter also cuts the thick sheets to make packaging. So, we have seen that the laser cutter can cut metals, plastics, glasses, acrylics, woods, etc.

Application of CNC Laser Cutter

Laser cutting is one of the most widely used manufacturing processes in the world. We will find laser cutting in industries such as the aeroscope, automotive, electronics, semiconductor, and medical sectors. There is a list of applications we will find for Laser cutting processes. For example,

1. CNC laser cutting of metal.
2. Laser surgery
3. Laser cutting for marking and engraving
4. Using laser cutting for packaging
5. Ceramics CNC laser cutting.
6. Cut off other non-metals.

Types of CNC Laser Cutter

The laser cutting box of the CNC laser cutter can be different in types based on the different working principles. Consequently, depending on the various structure of the laser cutting tool, we can classify it into three main types. They are,

• CNC Gas / CO₂ Laser Cutter: We have already mentioned above that the laser beam amplifies into the lens and then mix with the gasses. After that, it falls on the object surface and quickly melts that down. Therefore, the gas we will use in the container can be various in types such as nitrogen, helium, xenon, and hydrogen, etc. But the CO₂ gas is the most commonly used gas among all the gases. Besides, the CNC CO₂ laser cutter is also the most commonly used machine. 

• CNC crystal Laser Cutter: We know that the Laser comes from the electrical discharge or lamps within a closed container. What if we use crystal here? Yes, we can. The crystals can give us high powered cutting. Crystal laser cutting is a process that uses lasers made from the crystals. The crystals are YAG (neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet) and YVO (neodymium-doped yttrium ortho-vanadate).

• CNC Fiber Laser Cutter: In this type of the CNC laser cutter, we can use optical fibre cable to transfer the laser beam. The most critical benefit of this kind is, it can cut multiple cutting at the same time.

Based on the cutting materials

We already mentioned above at the application section that a CNC laser engraver can cut various materials. But their cutting machine is not similar. So, Depending on the cutting materials, we can classify them into the following categories. 

• CNC metal laser cutter: This type of CNC laser cutter can cut metals like aluminium, copper, stainless steel, iron plate, carbon, sheet metal, etc. Metal has high-stress force, so cutting metals needs high intensity of the laser beams. For example, Laser cutter from Shandong Qintang Laser automation equipment,  Laser Cutting Machine 1500w Price/CNC Fiber Laser Cutter Sheet Metal from Shandong Ruijie CNC technology group Co. Ltd., etc.
• Glass engraving CNC Laser Cutter:  Glass engraving machine can generally cut the not-metallic object such as glass, wood, and others. We know that the glass is highly fragile. So, while engraving a CNC glass engraving machine, rely on the high engraving speed, high efficiency, and good engraving quality. For example Glass engraver from Jinan Jindiao technology, Co. Ltd.,
• CNC laser woodcutter: This type of machine generally woodcutting. It also processes wood, Acrylic, PBS, ceramic, leather, textile, paper products, plastic, metal, bamboo, glass, and other non-metallic materials. For example, Building Material Shops Laser Cutter, CNC Wood 1390 Laser Cutting Machine LP Laser Hot Co2 Laser Cutter Cnc Wood Acrylic 1390 Laser Cutting Machine from Shandong Leapion Machinery Co., Ltd.

Based on the Dimensional cutting

Can we make a sculpture using all the laser cutter? No, right? We need some extra features to get that. SO, depending on the dimensional cutting, we can further divide the laser cutter into the main two types. They are,

• 2D laser cutter CNC: This type of CNC machine can move all three axes. They can cut two-dimensional cutting. All of the examples we mentioned are the example of two-dimensional cutting.
• 3D laser cutter CNC: Other than three-axis, this type of CNC laser cutter can rotate. Therefore, it can make three-dimensional cutting. For example, 1390 Cnc Nonmetal Co2 3d Laser Cutter Engraver for Bottle Glass Paper Plywood Acrylic is from Jinan Yaoneng Machinery Technology Co., Ltd.

The basic structure of the CNC Laser Cutter

A CNC laser cutter consists of different parts and mechanism. First, we can define the parts and mechanism into two primary division. One is the digital mechanism, and the other one is the mechanical mechanism.

• The digital mechanism consists of the Computer and the CNC machine operator. We generally give our design to the Computer, and then Computer passes the design to the CNC machine. And this the CNC machine get its design in its language. Now its time to give the commands to the mechanical parts.
• Mechanical parts consist of many different kinds of mechanism. For example, the main working table and its parts, the laser cutting tool, wiring systems, etc. are the essential parts. Based on the several parts of them, we can further divide the mechanical parts into two primary division. One is the main working table, and one is the laser cutting tool.

The main working mechanism

The working table can be both portable and fixed. Portable CNC laser cutter can change place when it is necessary. On the other side, the fixed working table can not change place. If can then it needs lots of joints to assemble. If the changing place matters, we suggest choosing the portable CNC laser engraver.

However, The working table has three axes guideline. There are three motors attached to the ball screws. We give the pulse signal number to the motor, and motor place the position of the cutting tool to the desired position.

Laser Cutting Tool

Let’s see the laser cutting picture again. WE can see the Laser is coming from a source. That source can be an electrical discharge or lamp radiated Laser, or it can be a Laser from crystal radiated Laser. After that, the Laser travels a distance to reach the lens. The travelling way can be an optical fibre or others depending on the types of the CNC laser cutter.

After the lens, we will find a laser container box. The container contains the gas particles—for example, CO₂, nitrogen, etc. Subsequently, the laser beam contacts with the gas-particle and directly hits the surface of the object. It quickly melts down the object materials at that specific place. Finally, we get the object in our desired shape. 

How to choose a CNC Laser cutter

• Laser beam intensity: Metal needs high intensity, then wood, the plastic, and then so on. So, the laser beam intensity is essential to look at before we choose.
• Cutting Accuracy: We all know that the beauty lies on the accuracy. The more the accurate is, the more the best design is. We must focus on the laser accuracy too.
• Safety qualities: The beam is a kind of light particle. So, it will reflect on the place surface. Consequently, safety is a priority.

Advantages

1. Laser cutting does not require the changing of the tool. Therefore, it is flexible than the other cutting tool.
2. The primary advantage of laser cutting is accuracy. It gives the most accurate cutting than the other CNC cutting operation.
3. Laser cutting is faster than the other traditional cutting.
4. CNC laser cutter is an automated cutting process.
5. It gives us a better quality product.
6. The operator does not require to change anything. Therefore, it’s a contactless operation
7. The different machines are versatile to different materials.

Disadvantages

1. The operator must be experienced enough to operate this laser cutter.
2. The cutting intensity depends on the thickness of the metal. So, we must define before we go for the cutting.
3. CNC laser cutter is more expensive than the other automated cutting machine.

Precaution

1.     The instructor must be present while operating the machine.
2.     Never leave the machine unattended. 
3.     The instructor must select the object.
4.     Wear safety glasses.
5.     Clean up the debris.
6.     Identify the fire extinguisher before the machining.

Maintenance

1. After the operation, we must clean up the machine.
2. We should put the tool where it was.
3. We must not leave the machine unattended.

Summary

After all, we have understood the basic working principle of the CNC laser cutter. Furthermore, we also discussed the basic structure of the machine. Besides, we have also discussed the laser cutting working principle and its structure. Lastly, we have illustrated the advantages and disadvantages of laser cutting. And at last, we must double-check the precaution and the maintenance part.

Therefore, we hope we could make your research easier. Suppose you are interested in the other CNC machining. Please visit the lick attested with the CNC machining. Keep reading our guidelines, and we will always be by your side with the best explanations of the machines. So, keep it updated and best of luck on your projects.

Wood is one of the most famous materials on earth. Why? Because we must use it to make things. Before the 1950s, the wood artists used their hand to demonstrate the architecture. So, we know it took lots of time to finish. But, the CNC router made that easy for us. In this article, we will discuss the CNC wood router machine and its types and applications.   

A Computer Numerical Control or CNC router machine is an automated cutting machine. This machine is faster than the hand-held cutting. Usually, materials like wood, aluminium, composites, steel, plastic, glass, and foams are the materials for this machine.

There are some types of CNC router machines. Among them, the CNC wood router is the one.

What is a CNC wood Router?

CNC wood router is an automated machine that cuts the object to some desired shape. This computer-controlled machine process the wooden materials depending on the design given by the operator.  Moreover, This device is handy for both the wood industry and workshops.

Working Process

The working process of this machine is straightforward. Firstly, we draw our design on CAD (Computer-Aided Design) Softwares. For example, Rhino3D, AutoCAD, SolidWorks, SketchList3D are noteworthy.  Secondly, we convert the CAD design into the CNC machine language. In this case, we can use Mach3, Nc-studio, Syntec, DSP, Siemens software for CNC control.

Thirdly, we put our object on the table. Subsequently, we must tighten the screw to fix the target object with the bench rigidly. Finally, we carefully start the machine. It will automatically finish its job. So, we can go to the café and enjoy some snacks at that time.

Working Principle

A CNC wood router can be various in types. We will briefly discuss them in the kind of CNC router section. In this part, we will have a glance at the working principle of the 3-axis CNC wood router machine.

The cutting tool has a motor that can move on the z-axis. It means the cutting tool can go up and down. On the other side, The cutting tool and the engine situated inside a box that can move only on Y-axis. At last, the total parts mentioned above can run along the X-axis. Consequently, we call this machine as a three-axis router.

Following the codes from the operating software, these three motors run accordingly. But before it starts to the operation, it goes back to the origin and begins from there.

Materials

Does a CNC router cut only woods? The answer is NO. It can cut only hard materials like woods. Apart from this, a CNC wood router can not cut metal because the strength of the CNC wood router is not enough for the metals.  However, CNC router can drill not only the woods but also acrylic, PVC ( Polyvinyl chloride) board, Double-color board, MDF (Medium-density Fiber), Marble, Fireboard, Rubber board, Glass, Crystals, etc.

Application of CNC Router

CNC router for woodworking has a broadside of the application. We use these tools every day. Starting from the furniture to the signboard, all are very useful. Let’s see some applications in which we use our CNC wood routing machine.

• Products and Manufacturing: Industries are using this machine to make wholesale products because the number of sales is enormous. The windows, doors, shelves, handy crafts, wall portraits, blocks, chairs, beds, etc. There are few brands in the market. They provide unique designs and architecture on their product.
• Decorations: We are very much familiar with wooden architecture. The banks, museums, even in school we will find some design on the wood. While sitting on the bench, we will see some letters written on the wood. CNC wood router can easily decorate these things.
• Musical instruments: We will design on the guitar, flutes, keyboards, harmonium, etc. We can easily create them on the CNC router machine.
• Furniture: Furniture is the most useful item in our daily life. The design on the chair leg, on the bedside, reading table, dining table, doors, windows, gates, flower vases, mugs all are the best example for the CNC router application.
• Others: Except for these applications, CNC router can also make the signboard design and different composite products.

Types of CNC wood routers

Routers usually have a mighty motor. It rotates the cutting tool to engrave inside the wood. We have already mentioned above that a CNC router machine can be various in types. They usually are divided into two groups—for example, CNC wood router machine and CNC mini wood router machine.

CNC wood router that is bigger than the mini routers works fine at the more prominent workshops and the industry. These wood routers typically have more than 1200 mm of the length. The furniture like door, giant calligraphic board, round table, etc. are the best example. But, to design a smaller product is not convenient for these kinds of CNC wood routers.

On the other hand, CNC mini wood routers are smaller than the above routers. They are usually less than 1000 mm of the length. Let’s say an example; the CNC router from Jinan Quick-fullteck CNC machines. It is a 600 x 900 mm mini wood router. It has 0.3 approx HP motor. The smaller signboard, writing letters on the board, short portrait, pictures, etc. are the best example that we can design using this mini wood router.

CNC wood routers based on the axis

CNC wood router machine has most commonly of 3 axes. But depending on the complexity of the design, the CNC wood router can further have three kinds. They are:

• 3-axis CNC routers: 3 axis CNC routers are most common in nature. The tool can move on the x-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis. 3-axis CNC router offers single or twin tables. The spindle can also be multiple. For example, Jinan Quick_Fullteck 6090 CNC router machine,  Hot sale Multi Head Drilling Machine ATC CNC Router CNC Woodworking Engraving/Carving/Drilling Machine, are the best example of this type.
• 4-axis CNC routers: Weifang H&H International Corp., presenting a four-axis CNC router machine, can be our best example to explain. As we know, the 4-axis CNC router machine has higher precision than the 3-axis CNC router. But what are the axes here? Here, we will find three axes as usual XYZ-axis. In this type of machine, we will find another spindle at the end of the device. That’s the last axis we will discover from this machine.
• 5-axis CNC routers: This type of machine has the highest precision range. They are different from each of the devices mentioned above. Watch this YouTube Video. It will make you clear about the 5-axis of the routers.  

Types based on working principle

Based on the working principle and structural difference, the CNC wood router machine further has four common types. They are,

• ATC CNC router:  ATC stands for Automated tool changer. First and foremost, we know that one tool can not complete a design. Different types of the cutting tool have a separate cutting feature. In this type of routing machine, the device can automatically change the tool, which is necessary for the cutting.  For example, 1224 1325 1530 2030 size ATC CNC router from Jinan Quick_fullteck CNC machines.
• Rotary CNC router: This type of routing machine is suitable for 2D/3D sculpture. For example, the Human body, Buddhist statue, 3D furniture projects, table legs, sofa legs, wooden columns, etc. The cutting tool can rotate around the target object. Also, it cuts the place where it is necessary. For example, Servo motor CNC router ele1836 with rotary spindle from Jinan Blue elephant CNC machines. 
• Multi-head CNC router: The name reminds us that there are multiple heads on this type of machine. Right, this type of device has two or more cutting features at the same time. For example, Hot sale Multi Head Drilling Machine ATC CNC Router CNC Woodworking Engraving/Carving/Drilling Machine from Hefei Dilei Engraving Equipment.
• Multi-Spindle CNC wood router: This type of the CNC router machine, has multiple heads with the various spindle feature. The multiple-heads can operate different spindle directions at the same time—for example, CNC Router CNC Milling Machine with multi-spindle from Jinan Jinshike CNC Equipment.

The basic structure of the CNC Wood routers

The structure of the CNC wood routers consists of many different consecutive parts. We will discuss the main components of the device. First, there’s a basement. Based on which we can also classify the routers. They are Pin routers, Arm routers, mobile table routers. Second, the moving axis guideline. There are three axes on the most common CNC routers. On this guideline, the motor lets the parts move along the axis.

The third component is the working table. On this table, the device cuts the targeted object. Fourth, the device has three stepper motors. These motors run the screws. As we know, the working principle of the ball circle motor that is it transfers the rotational motion into the linear motion. Based on this working principle, the CNC router also has three motors that move the rotational movement into the linear motion.

Fifth, most importantly, a router machine must have some cutting tools. CNC router can have different kinds of cutting tools. Based on different purposes, the devices change the cutting tool. Finally, we must need an operating device that can run the whole machine. Here, we convert the CAD design into the CNC language. 

How to choose a CNC wood router machine?

Can we make all the wooden designs on the same routing device? Of course, No, right? The Particular Device can perform different jobs. For example, to make a digital drawing on the door, can we make it using the mini CNC router? No. Because the power is not enough to engrave such elements. So, we must follow some guidelines to ensure that our demands go with our desire. The following are a few vital factors that we must consider before we go for the choosing.

• Motor Power
• Size of the board
• Cutting tool kit
• Axes of guidelines
• Price
• Customer Reviews

Main advantages

Without a doubt, CNC routers brought us a great favor to finish our projects faster than before. Besides this benefit, there are three main advantages of using a CNC router. They are,

1. Precision Cutting: Machine language is the most accurate. Human-held cutting surely will have defects. But a machine can not make mistakes. Therefore, precision cutting is the best advantage of the CNC routers.
2. Different Materials: Using the CNC routers, we can process various materials other than wood. We have already mentioned the name of the materials.
3. Flexibility and adaptability: Using a CNC router is more flexible because we can easily change the target object according to our desire. Besides, we can simply input the design on the computer and get our results on the machine.
4. Decreases the Labor cost: Surely, to operate a CNC router no need for laborers because we can smoothly perform all the tasks without any help.

Precaution

• Read and understand the user manual before we go for the operation.
• Read and understand the CNC router machine safety manual.
• The experienced operator should run the machine to avoid mistakes.
• We don’t need to use the router machine other than the intended use.
• Wear safety glasses while using the CNC router.
• Keep our visitors safe.
• Not allow children to get inside the lab.

Maintenance

1. Ensure cleanliness.
2. Change the filters after the operation.
3. Ensure the uses of the lubricant.
4. Keep the air supply clean.
5. Provide safe and proper electrical power.

Summary

We have tried to explain everything about the CNC routers above. CNC router can be our best friend if we can properly operate it. It’s the best thing to implement your art on your wood.  As we knew above that, a CNC router is so sensitive to use. So, we must learn each and everything about the router machine before we go for the operation.

However, there are lots of CNC machines in the market, depending on the different purposes of use. We have well explained here about the general types of CNC machines. At last, we will strongly recommend having proper knowledge before you go to buy a CNC router.

CNC Machine is a machine with computer system which usually commands by the coded program to the physical machine for performing some cutting or shaping processes.

CNC stands for Computer Numerical Control. It came from NC- Numerical Control. From the 1940s the NC system has developed into a CNC system. In the 2020s, CNC is now one of the most used technology in the manufacturing aera. Hence, most of the industry uses different types onf CNC machines to cuts materials like metal, wood, plastic, acrylic, etc.

In this article, we will first have a glance at CNC language, and then we will go for the different types of CNC machines and their applications. We will see their working process on YouTube videos.

CNC Language

Before diving into types of CNC machines, let’s talk about the CNC language. CNC language is a group of programs that is normally operated from computer to perform some collective shaping processes without manual operation. CNC program doesn’t have any interrupt opportunities like other programming languages. It normally performs one by one from the serial coding. For most types of CNC machiens, Following are the serial steps of CNC Language: Starting the Program >> Loading the tool >> Spindle starts >> Coolant on >> Rapid Positioning >> Machining operation >> Coolant off >> Stop spindle >> Position to safe place >> Program ends.

The listed serial is the most straightforward notation on how a CNC machine works. In General, this language is not an actual computer programming language. There are variations in the code but no like what we think in computer science. It revolves around the tool to make specific shapes.

G and M code are the basic CNC building blocks. G-code is the universal programming language in the world for any computer numerical control (CNC) machines where M code is the underlying machine code which gives instructions when to turn on and off. CNC language is one of the simplest machine languages in the world. It is effortless to learn to operate most types of CNC machines. Later studies we will publish detail about this language and how we can run a CNC machine.

CNC milling machine

What is a CNC milling machine?

Among all types of CNC Machines, Computer Numerical Control or CNC milling machine is the most popular type. It let the computer control the axis rotation of the machine tool and the position of the working bench. This machine makes shapes of materials like metals, plastics, glasses, woods, etc. CNC milling machine can do different machining abilities such as drilling, turning, etc. This passage focuses on the CNC milling machines and their structure. The primary stages of a milling tool are,

1. To draw a CAD design on AutoCAD or other famous software.
2. The CAD Design into the CNC machine language.
3. To manually set up the milling machine.
4. Execution of the milling operation.

The milling machine is very much suitable to finalize a workpiece such as holes, threads, slots, etc. It makes an already machined workpiece into the desired model. CNC milling has not only advantages but also has a few considerations. While choosing a CNC machine, we must focus on what requirements we need to process our workpieces. There are various kinds of milling machines according to their strength and sizes on Amazon, Alibaba, etc. In later articles, we will review the milling machines specifications requirements for different purposes.

Structure of the CNC milling machine

There’re four types of CNC milling machine based on their axes and different product operations. Vertical mill, Bed Mill, Turret mill, Horizontal mill are the types based on their machine tool position.

This article focuses on the general structure of the several CNC machines types. So, let’s see a commonly used CNC milling machine.

The basic structure of a vertical CNC milling machine consists of several parts. They are: basement, vertical stand, cylinder ram on the top, spindle and milling tool is attached with the motor inside the piston, Knee located right above the basement, the moving saddle is right on the Knee, the working bench situated on the seat, the holding tool is right on top of the workbench.

There are other structures of the CNC milling machine based on their milling tool. But the purpose of them are all the same is to mill the workpiece. 

CNC milling machine applications

The CNC milling machine has the tolerance range between +/- 0.001 to 0.005 inches. Consequently, It’s a very high precision machine. CNC milling machine makes a variety of product features and designs such as threads, chamfers, slots, pockets, etc. in the industry. The everyday milling machine operations are:

1. Face milling: Face milling cutting operation refers to the axis of rotation which is perpendicular to the cutting tool.
2. Plain milling: Plain milling cutting operation refers to the axis of rotation which is parallel to the cutting tool.
3.  Angular milling: Angular milling cutting operation refers to the axis of rotation which is at a specific angle with the cutting tool.
4. Form milling: The parts such as curved surfaces, contours, etc. are operated in the form milling process. This process makes a formal shape of a surface.
5. Others:
   • Straddle milling: This milling process performs one single cut with two or more parallel surfaces.
   • Gang milling: Gang milling simply refers to two or more cutting on the same machine arbour.
   • Profile milling: This milling process creates a cut path on the vertical surface of the product.
   • Gear cutting: This process especially cuts the gear threads.
   • Others: Other machining processes such as drilling, turning, boring, reaming, tapping, etc. are also can be performed in this CNC milling machine.

Pros

1. There’s no manual operation. It doesn’t need to turn on and off to change the position. It’s automated controlled by the computer.
2. Productivity.
3. High precision.
4. The original product can be replicated to thousands without any defects.
5. No need for labor costs.
6. Using virtual software, educational training is also available.
7. Many CNC machines can be operated by only one operator.

Cons

1. The buying cost is too high.
2. Operators must be well trained in mathematics and also in engineering.

Please See this YouTube video for the practical learning.

CNC lathe machine

What is a CNC lathe machine?

CNC Lathe machine has simply defined a workbench where we can clamp the workpiece with a rotation. The cutting tool can move on various axis to make multiple shapes. Typically, a simple lathe machine can run on X-axis and Z-axis. The other positions, such as Y-axis, sub-spindles, or different locations, are known as turning centers.

Likely the CNC milling machine, CNC lathe has also various kinds in type. They are horizontal, Vertical, slant bed, Flatbed, Standard, Multi-axis, swiss type, Multi-spindle, B-axis, etc. In this part, we will focus on horizontal CNC lathe type, because we very often use this one.

The cutting procedure can also follow four steps same as CNC milling. The only difference between them is the working principle. Besides the CNC lathe machine can be divided into five kinds based on the different axis depict. They are the following:

1. 2-axis CNC Lathe: 2 linear axes used to perform Outer/ inner diameter and facing operations, tapping, and drilling at the center.
2. 3-axis CNC Lathe: Including two linear axes, it has additional axes. We often call this axis as a C – axis. We use this machine in standard milling operations, tapping, and boring operations.
3. 4-axis CNC Lathe: Here, the additional axis is Y-axis. It is beneficial for more complex operations.
4. 5-axis CNC Lathe: These types have two different turrets where one turret has three axes, and the other has two axes.  
5. Six or more-axis CNC Lathe: This lathe may include; double C-axis lathes, double turret lathe, Upper Y-axis lathe, secondary spindle, etc.

Structure of CNC Lathe machine

Comparing the other types of CNC lathe, the following are general components of the CNC lathe machine.

1. Machine Bed: This is the main bed of a Lathe machine.
2. Main Spindle: The main spindle is connected with the motor can rotate both clock and anticlockwise direction.
3. Secondary Spindle: There are few categories where the machine has a secondary spindle for the complex machining process.
4. Chuck: The stuck is just beside the spindle, which grabs the workpieces.
5. Moving saddle: This part can move horizontally forward and backwards.  
6. Headstock:  Headstock holds the main spindle.
7. Tailstock:  Supports the other part to support.
8. Tool turret：Tool turret has four positions to hold the cutting tool, and it rotates to change the cutting tool.

CNC Lathe machine Application

CNC lathe machine usually is two types. Wood lathe, metal-metal lathe. The rotational speed of the wood lathe is higher than the metal lathe. The following are the primary application of the CNC lathe machine:

1. Facing: Facing process is a process where we remove the materials to make a flat surface.
2. Threading: The threading process is fundamental to make a bolt, screw, etc.
3. Knurling: Knurling is a process to make a rough surface for a better grip.
4. Drilling: Drilling is the process of cutting to make moles inside.
5. The Boring: Boring is a single cutting process to make conical, cylindrical shapes.
6. Reaming: We use reaming to finish drill holes.
7. Taper Turning:  We use this process to make tapper on the surface.

Pros

1. High Precision
2. Multi-coordinate linkage
3. Easy access to programming.
4. No need for labor
5. Production capability is very high.

Cons

1. The operator has to master the knowledge of mathematics and engineering.
2. Buy cost is normally high.
3. Maintenance is inconvenient.

Please See this YouTube video for the practical learning.

CNC Laser Engraver machine

What is a CNC Laser Engraver machine?

CNC Laser engraver machine is an exciting and artistic machine among all the CNC machines. This machine makes several artistic grips on the material surface.  In ancient times, People engrave the metals using their hand. It took months to complete one surface’s design. When the CNC Laser cutter came, it became a few minutes of the task to achieve one surface. To learn an artistic grip is complicated and hard. But this laser engraver made that easy for us.

There are several kinds of laser engraver machine. This machine can engrave materials like wood, metal, plastics, acrylic, etc. Most of the factories use this machine. The most common use in the factory is to draw company name and production date on the product surface.

Structure of CNC Laser engraver machine

CNC laser cutting machine is almost similar to the router and plasma cutting machine. There are various kinds of laser machines. They are:

1. Laser diodes: Laser diodes are typically 5 watts in power.
2. C0₂ Gas lasers: This is the most common type in laser engraver machines. The layers contain CO₂ gas. We know they have high beam efficiency.
3. Fibre Lasers: Fiber laser refers to solid-state lasers which generate a seed laser beam, and then by amplifying it in designed glass fibres. Fibre lasers are 100 times concentrated than CO₂ gas lasers. Most of the factories use this laser engraver.
4. Crystal Lasers: Crystal layers are pretty much similar to the fibre laser.

In this section, we will elaborate on the general structure of a fibre laser engraver machine. Fibre laser engraver machine consists of the following components:

1.  A lifting handle modifies the position of the laser beam.
2. Laser base is the holding point of the galvanometer
3. The galvanometer is the base point.
4. F-theta lens amplifies the concentration of the beam.
5. The rotatory fixture holds and modifies the position of the workpiece.
6. The marking plate is the base plate on which we place the product to get ready to engrave.
7. Several switches control the laser beam operations.

CNC laser engraver machine applications

AA laser engraver machine is a widely used machine in every country. People need to save time and money. Many designers now design on the computer and then paste those on the desired material. The following are the leading application platform in which we use these laser engraver machines.

Artistic works: As we mentioned before, we use a laser engraver machine for artistic works. If we go to the showpiece shop, we will see some best examples of these kinds. These creative designs are done on bamboo, metals, woods, plastics, etc. People even sketch their photo on the wood frame. SO, this is an attractive application of this machine. Wood laser cutter, laser engraver for metal is different in specifications.

Industrial Uses: This Laser engraver machine is used in the factory to design their company names and dates of production. All the wood factories use this machine very often.

Pros

1. Fast and beautiful machining plane. Dimensional works such as words, pictures can be machined on the materials.
2. High precision.
3. No need for labour.
4. Saves times.

Cons

1. Only 2 dimensional.
2. Expensive to buy.
3. Laser beams are harmful to human bodies, so we have to be careful while using it.

Please See this YouTube video for the practical learning.

CNC router machine

What is a CNC router machine?

CNC router machine is a piece of computer-controlled equipment that we use for cutting metals or woods. In the carpenter workshops, we can see this CNC machine. CNC router machine is very similar to the CNC milling machine. The difference between them is one of their axes is not mobile, and the other one can move along the axes.

In place of routing by hand, the computer controls the tool path operation by this routing machine. It helps the carpenter save time and make products in a day. There are some types of CNC routing machines such as the Industrial CNC router device, Mid-range CNC router device, Hobby CNC router device, Specially designed CNC router device. 

Structure of the CNC router machine

The main structure of a CNC router machine consists of the following parts:

1. Spindle: On the top of the device, there is a spindle attached to a strong motor that rotates in a clock or anti-clock direction called the rotating spindle.
2. Geometry X-Axis rod:  This is a fixed rod on the machine which moves forward and backwards. Besides, the spindle on it can move right and left according to the desired position from the operator’s design.
3. Automated oil lubricant system: This is an automated system controlled by the operator from the computer. It moves along the Y-axis. It is an oil lubricant automated machine to carry the X-axis rod.
4. CNC control system: CNC control system is a device where the computer converts the computer-aided design to the CNC machine language. It commands the machine to draw according to the design from the computer.
5. Cutting tool: Cutting tools can be in various shapes. It depends on the types of drawing the operator wants to operate. There are different kinds such as ball nose, polycrystalline, PCB print circuit, bigger carbide router, etc.

CNC router machine applications

1. Architectural millwork: Many houses foundation, roadside structures, rooftop, etc. are the architectural millwork performed by the CNC router device.
2. This CNC router machine does cabinet making:  Cabinet works at the carpenter workshops.
3. Sign making: Ford, BMW, etc. a CNC router tool machines solid logos.
4. Fabrication and cutting: CNC router also makes the desired shape on plastic or metal materials. It also cuts the foam for the packaging of products.
5. Furniture making: This CNC router machine also machines chairs, tables, sofa designs, and structural design.
6. General woodworking: hand tools, kitchen tools, etc. also machined by this machine.
7. Engraving: Besides all those works, this CNC router machine can also perform some engraving machining process.

Pros

1. High Accuracy
2. Fast production
3. Safe to operate
4. Required tools are less
5. No Human error
6. Reliable
7. Can be machined more complex designs
8. Low maintenance
9. Versatile
10. Uniform designs
11. It can be machined 24hours.

Cons

1. Expensive
2. The trained operator needs to operator

Please See this YouTube video for the practical learning.

CNC Plasma Cutting machine

What is a CNC Plasma Cutting machine?

We use CNC Plasma cutting device in various machining purposes. Moreover, we also use this plasma cutter to cut sheet metal, metal plates, straps, bolts, pipes, etc. Besides, it can also make a gouging tool for weld joints or removing the defect. CNC plasma cutting is necessary for accuracy and good quality. A CNC plasma device contains a plasma torch and moves in a path operated by the computer.

Structure of Plasma cutting machine

The structure of a CNC plasma cutting machine is almost similar to the CNC cutting router. The only difference is the plasma torch. Let’s have a glance at the structure of the plasma torch. The main structure has:

1. Working gas inlet path
2. Three feeding position
3. Anode and cathode diode
4. Power source
5. Plasma jet.

From the knowledge of physics, Plasma is one of them for fundamental elements in nature. The gas of ions can produce Plasma. Its penetration power is comparatively very high. So, the working gas is converted into a plasma jet in the CNC machine and then moves out from the machine cuts the metal into the desired shape. 

CNC Plasma cutting machine Applications

CNC plasma cutting machine is widely used to cut metal smoothly. This machine can be used in Metal cabinet cutting, Metal sign making, metal tools making, anything which is a metal can be cut more accurately in plasma cutting machine.

Pros

1. Wide cutting area
2. Fast and efficient
3. High accuracy
4. Requires No Labor cost.
5. Automated and easy to access.

Cons

1. Difficult to cut more than 20mm of the plate. If its is requires higher power of plasma.
2. Expensive machines.

Please See this YouTube video for the practical learning.

These 5 types of CNC machines are the commonly used computer-controlled machine in the world. There are few kinds of other CNC machines such as CNC press brake machine, CNC EDM machine, CNC waterjet plastic engraving machine, CNC stone engraving machine, CNC jewellery engraving machine, CNC swiss machine, CNC etching machine, etc. These are the subcategory of the five types we mentioned above. Based on different uses and specifications, these CNC machines differ from the standards.  In this article, we tried to make a summary of each of the tools. Later on, we will elaborately discuss them, their working principle, configuration, and specifications. We will bring the best knowledge of the CNC machines. Stay with us and learn more.